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The mDES measures the extent to which positive and negative emotions have been experienced within a particular time frame (e.g., within last 24 hours). Contains 20 questions (10 based on positive emotions and 10 based on negative emotions). Scoring: 1) You can report scores on EACH item, 2) sum all of the positive scores to get a total positive emotions score and sum all of the negative emotions to get a total negative emotions score, or 3) you can sum all of the positive emotions scores and divide it by 10 to get a mean score and sum all of the negative emotions scores and divide it by 10 (because there are 10 positive questions and 10 negative emotions) to get a mean score between 0-4.
Year: 2003 Authors: Fredrickson et al Disease: Obesity Outcome: Quality of life-Physical and psychological functioning
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Measure: Stress
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Number of RCTs that used this tool (in our study): 1
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Scale: Lower scores are better, scores range 0-4 Reference: Fredrickson, B. L., Tugade, M. M., Waugh, C. E., & Larkin, G. R. (2003). What good are positive emotions in crisis? A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11th, 2001. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(2), 365–376.
Target population: General population Focus Generic Translations available: Yes Original version validated: Yes Original language: English Form of delivery: Self-reported Licence needed: Unclear 10.1037/0022-3514.84.2.365