Self-monitoring training and feedback. Training and encouraging people to recognize, monitor, and record behaviours, symptoms, or clinical data. This process may include regular feedback from a clinician, or a synopsis of information registered in a digital tool to encourage you to continue monitoring your illness and behaviours.

Example: Showing a patient how to record blood sugar levels, physical activity, or pain.

There are different emotional-based behavioural change techniques:

Stress and/or emotional management. This technique consists in helping you to understand the role of stress and emotions and teaching them to use different coping strategies to manage, for example, stress and painful emotions caused by your disease.

Examples: Mindfulness, exercise, stretching, listening to music, deep breathing, or meditation.

Coaching and motivational interviewing. This kind of support helps you to change behaviours by looking what’s important to you, and then offering support, taking into account your needs and preferences. One provider (healthcare professional, peer or lay person) is usually your coach. Motivational interviewing and counselling are included, as well as collaborative conversations with a practitioner, helping with motivation and commitment, minimizing resistance, and resolve ambivalence to change.

Examples: coaching sessions led by a nurse to ease the transition from hospital to home, or rehabilitation programs using coaching methods.